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Joseph Michael "Joe" Arpaio〔 〕 (born June 14, 1932) has, since 1993, been the elected sheriff of Maricopa County, Arizona. Arpaio styles himself as "America's Toughest Sheriff."〔The original source for the sobriquet "America's Toughest Sheriff" is unknown, however both Arpaio and his press relations staff aggressively promote its use. Note Arpaio's book, titled "America's Toughest Sheriff."〕 He has been accused of abuse of power, misuse of funds, failure to investigate sex crimes, improper clearance of cases, unlawful enforcement of immigration laws, and election law violations, amongst others. He has been found guilty of racial profiling in federal court, with a monitor appointed to oversee his office's operations. His jails have twice been ruled unconstitutional. The U.S. Department of Justice concluded that Arpaio oversaw the worst pattern of racial profiling in U.S. history, and subsequently filed suit against him for unlawful discriminatory police conduct. As of September 2015, cases involving Arpaio or his office have cost Maricopa County taxpayers $142 million in legal expenses, settlements and court awards.〔 Starting in 2005, Arpaio took an outspoken stance against illegal immigration, and became a flashpoint for opposition to Arizona's SB1070 anti-illegal immigrant law, which was largely struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://edition.cnn.com/interactive/2012/06/us/scotus.immigration/index.html )〕 Arpaio is also known for his investigation of U.S. President Barack Obama's birth certificate, and his continuing claim that it is forged.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sheriff Joe launches into Obama’s birth certificate – again )〕 ==Early life== Arpaio was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on June 14, 1932, to Italian parents, both from Lacedonia, Italy. Arpaio's mother died while giving birth to him, and Arpaio was raised by his father, a grocery store owner. Arpaio completed high school and worked in his father's business until age 18 when he enlisted in the United States Army.〔〔 Arpaio served in the U.S. Army from 1950 to 1954 in the Medical Detachment Division and was stationed in France for part of the time as a military policeman.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joe Arpaio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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